Behavioral treatments are recommended for preschool-aged children and may be helpful at older ages. Coexisting conditions (e.g., anxiety, learning, mood, or sleep disorders) should be identified and treated. Physicians who inherit a patient with a previous ADHD diagnosis should review the diagnostic process, and current symptoms and treatment needs. Physicians should evaluate for ADHD in children with behavioral concerns (e.g., inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, oppositionality) or poor academic progress using validated assessment tools with observers from several settings (home, school, community) and self-observation, if possible. alpha-2 agonistsguanfacine XR (Intuniv)įor more information, visit the medication chart, Medications Used in the Treatment of ADHD.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children, and the prevalence is increasing.dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Dextrostat, Vyvanse).mixed salts of amphetamine (Adderall, Evekeo, Dynavel).methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Jornay PMTM, Daytrana patch).They tend to be sedating, or calming, until one gets used to them. Full effects are often seen only after atomoxetine is taken regularly for over a month.Īnother type of FDA-approved medicine for ADHD is extended-release alpha-2 agonists, which work on a different part of the epinephrine system than atomoxetine. This classification allows medical professionals to give samples and to place refill orders by telephone. It is not a controlled substance, unlike a stimulant. For some they work better, and once built up in the system the effect is smoother over time.Ītomoxetine reduces inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity mainly by stimulating the norepinephrine system. Side effects can include nervousness, sleep problems, fatigue, upset stomach, dizziness, or a dry mouth. They do not work as quickly as stimulants and for most individuals not as well. Nonstimulant medications may be used when stimulants do not work well, have unacceptable side effects, or a nonstimulant is preferred for other reasons. Monitoring treatment with medication is an essential part of medication management. Parents and teachers, as well as coaches and tutors, can share observations on rating scales. The child is monitored both on and off the medication. It usually begins with a low dose that is gradually increased at 3–7 day intervals until symptoms are noticeably better. ![]() It can sometimes reduce problems of rebound when the earlier dose wears off.Ī medication trial is often used to find the most beneficial drug and dose for a child. The “booster” dose may be used to provide better coverage for homework or evening activities. For some, it may be useful to add a shorter-acting dose in the mid to late afternoon. ![]() This prevents the need for the child to take medication at school. Many parents prefer that their child take longer-acting stimulants, which may cause fewer ups and downs over the day. Long-acting preparations are also less likely to be misused. How much and when to take the medication will depend on the individual. Stimulants like methylphenidate or salts of amphetamine (see common brand names below) are controlled substances that can be misused, and therefore require careful monitoring, special prescriptions, and frequent checkups by the doctor. ![]() If symptoms persist, a change in dose or a change in medication might be needed. Not all children will experience a side effect, and some side effects go away. Common side effects for stimulants include appetite loss, abdominal pain, headaches, and sleep disturbance. Some children can better handle frustration and follow direction. Attention span and on-task behavior often improve with medication, especially in structured environments. ![]() Medication might not be helpful at all for some children. The benefits of medication can vary from significant symptom improvement to a mild or modest change in symptoms. They are effective in decreasing ADHD symptoms for most children with ADHD. These medications “stimulate” networks of nerve cells in the brain to work more effectively with each other, mainly by stimulating the dopamine system. Stimulants are the most widely used medications for managing ADHD symptoms. It is like eyeglasses, which improve vision only when the glasses are actually worn. It eases ADHD symptoms during the time it is active. An accurate ADHD diagnosis is needed, including an evaluation for other possible diagnoses, before medication is prescribed.Įach family must consider the benefits and drawbacks of medication when deciding how to treat their child’s ADHD symptoms. It can only be prescribed by medical professionals, not other professionals. It can help to control symptoms, helping a child stay on task and pay attention. Medication can be an important part of ADHD treatment.
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